Pawn.White pawn.Chess piece white pawn.History of chess map Painting by Vali Irina Ciobanu

Pawn.White pawn.Chess piece white pawn.History of chess map

by Vali Irina Ciobanu

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Title

Pawn.White pawn.Chess piece white pawn.History of chess map

Artist

Vali Irina Ciobanu

Medium

Painting - Watercolour On Paper

Description

Part of a serie of 12 sketches I made for my History of chess map,this is white pawn. The pawn (♙,♟) is the most numerous piece in the game of chess, and in most circumstances, also the weakest. It historically represents infantry, or more particularly, armed peasants or pikemen. Each player begins a game with eight pawns, one on each square of the rank immediately in front of the other pieces. (The white pawns start on a2, b2, c2, ..., h2; the black pawns start on a7, b7, c7, ..., h7.)

Individual pawns are referred to by the file on which they stand. For example, one speaks of "White's f-pawn" or "Black's b-pawn", or less commonly (using descriptive notation), "White's king bishop pawn" or "Black's queen knight pawn". It is also common to refer to a rook pawn, meaning any pawn on the a- or h-files, a knight pawn (on the b- or g-files), a bishop pawn (on the c- or f-file), a queen pawn (on the d-file), a king pawn (on the e-file), and a central pawn (on the d- or e-files).
The pawn has its origins in the oldest version of chess, chaturanga, and it is present in all other significant versions of the game as well. In chaturanga, this piece moved directly forward, capturing to the sides (one square diagonally forward to the left or right).

In medieval chess, an attempt was made to make the pieces more interesting, each file's pawn being given the name of a commoner's occupation. On the board, from left to right, those titles were:[3]

Gambler and other "lowlifes", also messengers (in the left-most file, that direction being literally sinister)
City guard or policeman (in front of a knight, as they trained city guards in real life)[4]
Innkeeper (bishop)
Merchant/Moneychanger (always before the king, whether or not he is to the left or right of the queen, which depends on the color of the pieces)
Doctor (always the queen's pawn)
Weaver/Clerk (in front of the bishop, for whom they wove or clericked)
Blacksmith (in front of a knight, as they care for the horses)
Worker/Farmer (in front of a castle, for which they worked)[5]
The most famous example of this is found in the second book ever printed in the English language, The Game and Playe of the Chesse. Purportedly, this book, printed by William Caxton,[6] was viewed to be as much a political commentary on society as a chess book.[5]

The ability to move two spaces, and the related ability to capture en passant, were introduced in 15th-century Europe (see En passant § Historical context). The rule for promotion has changed through history .